News from Iran, China and North Korea
Tuesday's World Events — Posted on February 7, 2017
IRAN – White House puts Iran ‘on notice’ after ballistic missile test
(by Gregory Korte , USA Today) WASHINGTON — National Security Advisor Michael Flynn announced at the White House Wednesday, February 1, that the U.S. is “putting Iran on notice” after it tested a ballistic missile.
President Trump’s national security adviser delivered strong words for Iran from the White House podium Wednesday, condemning the regime’s test of a ballistic missile that intelligence officials say is capable of carrying a nuclear warhead.
“As of today, we are officially putting Iran on notice,” Michael Flynn said in a statement sharply critical of the Obama administration’s policy toward Iran and promising a tougher stance by the Trump administration.
He did not elaborate on what that notice was, or what options the Trump administration would take. …
Flynn was responding to an Iranian missile launch Sunday, a key first test of Trump’s reaction to foreign provocation. He also condemned a separate attack by Iranian-backed Houthi militants against a Saudi naval vessel Tuesday.
“The Obama administration failed to respond adequately to Tehran’s malign actions, including weapons transfers, support for terrorism, and other violations of international norms,” Flynn said. “The Trump administration condemns such actions by Iran that undermine security, prosperity, and stability throughout and beyond the Middle East and place American lives at risk.”
The Obama administration enforced economic sanctions against Iran for its support of terrorism, but [separated] that issue from Iran’s nuclear program in obtaining a seven-nation agreement for Iran to give up its nuclear program for 10 years.
Iran conducted a missile test Sunday, January 29, 2017. (Photo: Vahid Reza Alaie/Fars News Agency/UPI)
In his first appearance in the White House briefing room, Flynn called that agreement “weak and ineffective.”
“Instead of being thankful to the United States for these agreements, Iran is now feeling emboldened,” he said.
CHINA – Mattis: US will defend Japanese islands claimed by China
(by Brad Lendon, CNN) – US Defense Secretary James Mattis on Saturday, Feb. 4 reaffirmed Washington’s commitment to defending Japan, including a group of disputed islands which have been claimed by China.
“I made clear that our long-standing policy on the Senkaku Islands stands — the US will continue to recognize Japanese administration of the islands and as such Article 5 of the US-Japan Security Treaty applies,” Mattis said in a press conference with Japanese Defense Minister Tomomi Inada.
Defense Secretary James Mattis, left, speaks with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, second from right, and Japanese Defense Minister Tomomi Inada, right, in Tokyo, Feb. 3, 2017. (DoD photo by Army Sgt. Amber I. Smith)
Article 5 of that treaty says the US will defend territories under Japanese administration, which would include the Senkakus, an uninhabited group of islands in the East China Sea called the Diaoyus by China.
China responded quickly to the US stance on the disputed islands, saying it brings instability to the region.
“Diaoyu and its affiliated islands have been Chinese territory since ancient times. These are historical facts that cannot be changed. The so-called US-Japan security treaty was a product of the Cold War, and it should not harm China’s territorial sovereignty and legitimate rights,” Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang said in a statement.
“We urge the US side to adopt a responsible attitude and stop making wrong remarks on the issue of the sovereignty of Diaoyu Islands,” Lu said.
Mattis’ visit to Japan and South Korea follows a campaign in which President Donald Trump unsettled the region by suggesting that Seoul and Tokyo develop their own nuclear weapons and pay more towards keeping US troops stationed in the two countries.
But in his inaugural trip as secretary of defense, Mattis has repeatedly reassured the staunch US allies of the Trump administration’s commitment to the region.
“I want there to be no misunderstanding during the transition in Washington that we stand firmly, 100% shoulder to shoulder with you and the Japanese people,” Mattis said.
The US commitment to the disputed islands, which Mattis also reaffirmed in a Friday night meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, is not new. In 2014, the Obama administration also said the remote chain fell under the treaty.
In late 2013, China declared an air defense identification zone (ADIZ) over much of the East China Sea, including the Senkakus, despite objections from Tokyo and Washington.
Japan also has an ADIZ over the islands. While the Senkakus are uninhabited, their ownership would allow for exclusive oil, mineral and fishing rights in the surrounding waters.
NORTH KOREA – U.S. Secretary of Defense Mattis warns North Korea any attack on U.S. would lead to a retaliation that is both “effective and overwhelming.”
(from Reuters) – U.S. Defense Secretary James Mattis warned North Korea on Friday, Feb. 3 of an “effective and overwhelming” response if Pyongyang chose to use nuclear weapons, as he reassured Seoul of steadfast U.S. support at the end of a two-day visit.
U.S. Defense Secretary James Mattis, left, and South Korean Defense Minister Han Min Koo during a welcome ceremony for Mattis at Defense Ministry in Seoul, South Korea on Feb. 3, 2017. (Photo: AP/Ahn Young-joon)
“Any attack on the United States, or our allies, will be defeated, and any use of nuclear weapons would be met with a response that would be effective and overwhelming,” Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said at South Korea’s defense ministry.
Mattis’ remarks come amid concern that North Korea could be readying to test a new ballistic missile, in what could be an early challenge for Trump’s administration.
North Korea, which regularly threatens to destroy South Korea and its main ally, the United States, conducted more than 20 missile tests last year, as well as two nuclear tests, in defiance of U.N. resolutions and sanctions.
The North also appears to have also restarted operation of a reactor at its main Yongbyon nuclear facility that produces plutonium that can be used for its nuclear weapons program, according to U.S. think tank 38 North.
“North Korea continues to launch missiles, develop its nuclear weapons program and engage in threatening rhetoric and behavior,” Mattis said.
North Korea’s actions have prompted the United States and South Korea to respond by bolstering defenses, including the expected deployment of a U.S. missile defense system, known as Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), in South Korea later this year. The two sides reconfirmed that commitment on Friday.
China, however, has objected to THAAD, saying it will destabilize the regional security balance, leading to calls from some South Korean opposition leaders to delay or cancel it.
South Korean Defense Minister Han Min-koo said Mattis’ visit to Seoul – his first trip abroad as defense secretary – sent a clear message of strong U.S. support.
“Faced with a current severe security situation, Secretary Mattis’ visit to Korea … also communicates the strongest warning to North Korea,” Han said.
Once fully developed, a North Korean ICBM could threaten the continental United States, which is about 9,000 km (5,500 miles) from North Korea. ICBMs have a minimum range of about 5,500 km (3,400 miles), but some are designed to travel 10,000 km (6,200 miles) or more.
Former U.S. officials and other experts have said the United States essentially has two options when it comes to trying to curb North Korea’s fast-expanding nuclear and missile programs – negotiate or take military action.
Neither path offers certain success and the military option is fraught with huge dangers, especially for Japan and South Korea, U.S. allies in close proximity to North Korea.
Mattis was scheduled to depart later on Friday for Japan.
(The news briefs above are from wire reports and staff reports posted at USA Today on Feb. 1 [Iran], CNN on Feb. 4 [China] and Reuters on Feb. 3 [North Korea].)
Questions
1. For each of the 3 countries, give the following information:
- capital
- location/the countries that share its borders
- the religious breakdown of the population
- the type of government
- the chief of state (and head of government if different) If monarch or dictator, since what date has he/she ruled? – include name of heir apparent for monarch
- the population
Find the answers at the CIA World FactBook website. For each country, answers can be found under the “Geography” “People” and “Government” headings.
NOTE to students: Before answering the questions below, read the information under “Background” and watch the news videos under “Resources.”
2. For IRAN:
a) list the who, what, where and when of the news item
b) What did General Flynn say about the Obama administration’s response to Iran’s constant provocations? How does the Trump administration differ?
c) What did Gen. Flynn say about President Obama’s nuclear agreement with Iran?
d) The CNN reporter writes, [Flynn said] “we are officially putting Iran on notice.” He did not elaborate on what that notice was, or what options the Trump administration would take. Do you think the administration should have been specific and detailed exactly how/where/when the U.S. would act? Explain your answer.
3. For CHINA:
a) list the who, what, where and when of the news item
b) What reassurance did Defense Secretary Mattis give the Japanese government during his first overseas trip as US defense secretary? (Mattis was officially sworn in as secretary of defense on Jan. 27.)
4. For NORTH KOREA:
a) list the who, what, where and when of the news item
b) What reassurance did Defense Secretary Mattis give Seoul (the South Korean government)?
Secretary Mattis used his visit to reassure South Korea that the Trump administration "remains steadfast" in its "iron-clad" defense commitments to the region, said the Pentagon.
5. The Trump administration is coming out with strongly worded statements supporting our allies and warning provocateurs there will be severe consequences for hostile actions. Ask a parent:
a) Do you think this policy of approaching hostile nation states from a position of strength as opposed to President Obama’s policy of “leading from behind” will cause North Korea, Iran and China to think twice before they act, or will it cause these countries to increase their aggressive behavior? Please explain your answer.
b) President Obama famously warned the Syrian government there would be consequences if Assad “crossed a red line” and used chemical weapons on his own people - that the U.S. would take military action. Assad used chemical weapons on civilians and the Obama administration did not carry out the threat/warning. Do you think these governments believe the Trump administration will act on their warnings? Please explain your answer.
Background
IRAN
The National Security Advisor (Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs - or NSC advisor), is a senior aide in the Executive Office of the President, based at the West Wing of the White House, who serves as the chief in-house advisor to the President on national security issues. Read Flynn's statement on Iran: whitehouse.gov
CHINA
"Japan has been a model of cost sharing and burden sharing," Mattis said, calling Japan "an example for other nations to follow."
"I think Japan is on the right track," Mattis said.
Mattis said the US would continue taking steps to lessen the US military footprint on the southern Japanese island of Okinawa.
Both sides agreed the US Marine Corps Air Station Futenma on Okinawa would be relocated to Henoko, a less densely populated section of the island.
"China has shredded the trust of nations in the region," Mattis said.
"We all play by the rules, and if we have disputes we take them to arbitration, we don't settle them by taking military means and occupying land that is subject to question, to say the least, about who actually owns it," he said.
"What we have to do is exhaust all efforts, diplomatic efforts, to try and resolve this properly," Mattis said.
Mattis arrived in Tokyo on Friday from South Korea, the first stop in his first overseas trip as US defense secretary. (from the CNN article above)
NORTH KOREA
North Korea's repeated missile and nuclear tests and aggressive statements continue to alarm and anger the region.
The US has a considerable military presence in South Korea and Japan, as part of a post-war defense deal. There are just under 28,500 US troops in South Korea, for which Seoul pays about $900 million annually.
President Trump has previously said he wants both South Korea and Japan to pay more towards maintaining that presence.
Secretary Mattis used his visit to reassure South Korea that the Trump administration "remains steadfast" in its "iron-clad" defence commitments to the region, said the Pentagon.
Speaking after talks at the defense ministry with his South Korean counterpart Han Min-koo, the Secretary told reporters that "any attack on the United States, or our allies, will be defeated, and any use of nuclear weapons would be met with a response that would be effective and overwhelming."
"North Korea continues to launch missiles, develop its nuclear weapons program and engage in threatening rhetoric and behavior," Mattis said at a press conference in Seoul on Friday.
North Korea conducted its fifth test of a nuclear device last year, and claims it is capable of carrying out a nuclear attack on the US, though experts are still unconvinced its technology has progressed that far.
It has also said in recent weeks that it has a new intercontinental ballistic missile, capable of reaching the US mainland, which it is prepared to test launch at any time. (from a Feb. 3 BBC News report)
- While in Seoul, the Secretary pledged to deploy THAAD -- the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-missile system -- to protect US and South Korean troops.
- A statement on Pyongyang's Korean Central News Agency said deployment of THAAD is pushing the Korean peninsula to the "brink of a nuclear war."
- The statement said THAAD was part of an offensive strategy between Seoul and Washington.
- On Thursday Mattis said Pyongyang's "provocative behavior" made THAAD necessary. (from the CNN article on China above)