News from Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia & Thailand

Tuesday's World Events   —   Posted on May 19, 2015

BURMA – Another boat found at sea as Rohingya refugee crisis deepens

[The NY Times reports: An estimated 6,000 to 20,000 migrants are at sea, fleeing ethnic persecution in Myanmar and poverty in Bangladesh, while countries are pointing fingers at one another and declining to take responsibility themselves.]

LANGKAWI, Malaysia — A boat crammed with more than 500 refugees was found on Wednesday off the coast of Penang island in Malaysia, the latest evidence that thousands of Bangladeshis and Rohingya minority are desperately trying to reach land after being abandoned by their human traffickers.

The overcrowded boat is full of people, and there is no information if they will be allowed to come on shore, said Zafar Ahmad, who heads the Myanmar Ethnic Rohingya Human Rights Organization of Malaysia.

“We are hearing that their plight is desperate but we are unsure what the fate of the boat is. We urge the Malaysian government to give these Rohingya refugees protection and shelter,” he told The Associated Press.

The information was corroborated by another person with knowledge of the situation. The person spoke on condition of anonymity and is not authorized to speak to the media.

Government officials did not immediately answer phones when reached for comment.

Abandoned at sea, boatloads of hungry men, women and children Bangladeshis and Rohingya, members of Myanmar’s long-persecuted Muslim-minority, appear to have no place to go after Malaysia and neighboring Indonesia [both Muslim-majority countries] refused to give them refuge.

“We won’t let any foreign boats come in,” Tan Kok Kwee, first admiral of Malaysia’s maritime enforcement agency, said last Tuesday. He said Malaysia will help if the boats are not seaworthy and are sinking, otherwise the the navy will provide “provisions and send them away.”

Hours earlier, Indonesia pushed back a boat packed with hundreds of Rohingya and Bangladeshis, saying they were given food, water and directions to Malaysia – their original destination.

The refugees are victims of human traffickers who promise them safe passage from their countries to Malaysia. But in recent weeks the smugglers have fled wooden trawlers carrying the refugees for fear of being caught in a massive regional crackdown on human trafficking syndicates. In the process, they have abandoned their human cargo and set them adrift in the sea off Malaysia and Indonesia without food or fuel, and themselves escaped in speedboats.

Some estimates put the number of refugees stuck in the Malacca Strait and nearby waters at 6,000, some stranded for more than two months. Activists believe many more boats will try to reach land in the coming days and weeks.

Already, about 1,600 migrants have landed on shore in Langkawi and neighboring Indonesia, the two Muslim-majority countries that over the years have shown the most sympathy for Rohingya’s plight.

The United Nations pleaded for countries in the region to keep their borders open and help rescue those stranded, while some parliamentarians slammed the “not-in my-back-yard” attitude.

In one of the most striking examples of the refugees’ plight, Chris Lewa, a human rights activist, contacted a person on board one boat several miles off Langkawi Island by mobile phone that carried a Thai number and was kept charged by the vessel’s power supply.

The person said they had been four days without food or water, and saw a patrol boat with flashing lights approach late Tuesday. But instead of stopping, it slowly passed them by.

Lewa, director of the nonprofit Arakan Project, was still talking to that man when the boat passed by. She told the AP that she heard on the phone the refugees’ first hopeful cheers turn into sobs and screams.

Labeled by the U.N. one of the world’s most persecuted minorities, the Rohingya have for decades suffered from state-sanctioned discrimination in Buddhist-majority Myanmar. Denied citizenship by national law, the Muslim Rohingya’s are effectively stateless. Access to education and adequate health care is limited and freedom of movement severely restricted.

In the last three years, attacks on Rohingya have left 280 people dead and forced 140,000 others into crowded camps just outside Sittwe, the capital of Myanmar’s Rakhine state, where they live under abysmal, apartheid-like conditions, with little or no opportunities for work.

That has sparked one of the biggest exoduses of boat people the region has seen since the Vietnam War, with an estimated 100,000 men, women and children boarding ships in search of better lives in other countries since June 2012, according to the U.N. refugee agency.

The first stop, up until recently, was Thailand, where migrants were held in jungle camps until their families could raise hefty ransoms so they could continue onward, usually to Malaysia. Recent crackdowns, however, have forced the smugglers to change tactics – instead holding people on small and large ships parked offshore until they collected about $2,000 per person.

Struggling to put a positive face on its dismal human trafficking record, Thai authorities have discovered more than 70 former camps near the border with Malaysia, the biggest of which was found Tuesday. It appeared to be newly abandoned, well-constructed and able to house as many as 800 people, said Lt. Gen. Prakarn Chonlayuth, the southern regional army commander.

Dozens of graves also have been excavated, the victims believed to be Rohingya or Bangladeshi.

A group of Southeast Asian parliamentarians released a statement calling the refusal to accept the refugees “inhumane.”

“Towing migrants out to sea and declaring that they aren’t your problem anymore is not a solution to the wider regional crisis,” said Charles Santiago, a member of parliament in Malaysia. “Any solution must include securing binding commitments from Myanmar to end the persecution of Rohingya that is fueling their exodus.”

Several navies were called upon to carry out search and rescue operations.

Capt. Chayut Navespootikorn of the Royal Thai Navy of Operation Fleet Area 3, said several boats and aircraft had been deployed to scour his country’s territorial waters, but nothing has turned up. He said his fleet was back out there looking Wednesday.

[After Malaysian officials turned back a boat with about 500 people off Penang Island on Wednesday, Deputy Home Minister Wan Junaidi told the Associated Press, “What do you expect us to do? We have been very nice to the people who broke into our border. We have treated them humanely, but they cannot be flooding our shores like this. We have to send the right message that they are not welcome here.” (from nytimes.com)]

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INDONESIA – Migrants stranded at sea off Indonesia attacked each other

Lieutenant Colonel Sunarya, a local police chief in Indonesia, said: “They were killing each other, throwing people overboard.”

Iqbal Foriza, a doctor treating the refugees, said: “They were on the sea for four months, no food, no clean food, no bedding, that made the people dehydrated, and caused trauma.”

The horrific accounts came as countries in the region turned away migrants in what has been described as a “human ping pong”.

The UN urged south-east Asian nations to accept the thousands of migrants from Burma and Bangladesh believed to be stranded on boats following the recent clampdown.

Many of the migrants are oppressed Rohingya Muslims from Burma who have been described by the UN as one of the world’s most persecuted peoples.

Malaysia, the favoured destination for many of the migrants, has urged Burma and Bangladesh to try to halt the flow of migrants.

“What is the responsibility of the Myanmar government … is there any humanitarian aspect for them to solve this matter internally?” said Muhyiddin Yassin, Malaysia’s deputy prime minister.

Malaysia’s foreign minister was due to meet his Bangladeshi counterpart on Sunday and those from Indonesia and Thailand on Monday and Wednesday.

But regional efforts to solve the crisis have so far been unsuccessful, with Burma saying it will not attend a regional summit in Thailand on May 29 “if ‘Rohingya’ is mentioned on the invitation.”

Charles Santiago, a Malaysian MP and human rights promoter, said leaders in the region have “stood by and watched, celebrating their achievements at fancy dinner tables, while ignoring the human misery that their failures have produced.

“The need for effective regional action to combat the crisis is clear, yet our leaders have consistently failed to act,” he wrote in The Jakarta Post.

(The news articles above are from wire reports and staff reports posted at NY Post on May 13 and London’s Daily Telegraph on May 17.)

Background

BURMA (know as Myanmar by the ruling military junta)

• Burma had been ruled by a military junta for almost 50 years.  A junta is a government, especially a military one, that has taken power in a country by force and not by election.
• In 1989, Burma’s military junta changed the name of the country to “Union of Myanmar.” This controversial name change was not recognized by the opposition groups and many English-speaking nations.

THE GOVERNMENT OF BURMA:
Britain conquered Burma over a period of 62 years (1824-1886) and incorporated it into its Indian Empire. Burma was administered as a province of India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony; independence from the Commonwealth was attained in 1948.

The military has ruled since 1962, when the army overthrew an elected government that had been buffeted by an economic crisis and a raft of ethnic insurgencies. During the next 26 years, General Ne Win’s military rule helped impoverish what had been one of Southeast Asia’s wealthiest countries.

General Than Shwe, led Burma from 1992, dramatically asserted its power in 1988, when the army opened fire on peaceful, student-led, pro-democracy protesters, killing an estimated 3,000 people.  (information taken from the CIA World FactBook and FreedomHouse.org)

BBC News profile of BURMA: from bbc.com:

• Myanmar, also known as Burma, was long considered a pariah state, isolated from the rest of the world with an appalling human rights record.
• From 1962 to 2011, the country was ruled by a military junta that suppressed almost all dissent and wielded absolute power in the face of international condemnation and sanctions.
• The generals who ran the country stood accused of gross human rights abuses.
• The first general election in 20 years was held in 2010. This was hailed by the junta as an important step in the transition from military rule to a civilian democracy, though opposition groups alleged widespread fraud and condemned the election as a sham.
• A nominally civilian government led by President Thein Sein - who served as a general and then prime minister under the junta - was installed in March 2011.
• However, a new constitution brought in by the junta in 2008 entrenched the primacy of the military. A quarter of seats in both parliamentary chambers are reserved for the military, and three key ministerial posts - interior, defense and border affairs - must be held by serving generals.
• Despite this inauspicious start to Myanmar's new post-junta phase, a series of reforms in the months since the new government took up office has led to hopes that decades of international isolation could be coming to an end.

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SOUTHEAST ASIA:

Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. It consists of two geographic regions:

• Maritime Southeast Asia, comprising Indonesia, East Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, East Timor, Brunei, and Christmas Island.
• Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as Indochina, comprising Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Vietnam, and West Malaysia;

Islam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines.

Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore.

Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule.

Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim nation, although Hinduism is dominant on islands such as Bali, Indonesia.

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WHO ARE THE ROHINGYA?

• The Rohingya people are Muslim people who live in northern Rakhine (Arakan), Burma and speak the Rohingya language.
• According to Rohingyas and some scholars, they are indigenous to the state of Rakhine, while other historians often claim that they migrated to Burma from Bengal primarily during the period of British rule...
• Muslims have settled in Arakan since the 15th century AD. During World War II...the region became increasingly polarized.
• In 1982, General Ne Win's government (a military junta) enacted the citizenship law which denied Rohingya citizenship. Since the 1990s, the term Rohingya increased in usage among Rohingya communities.
• As of 2013, about 735,000 Rohingyas live in Burma. They reside mainly in the northern Rakhine townships where they form 80-98% of the population.
• International media and human rights organizations have described Rohingyas as one of the most persecuted minorities in the world.
• Many Rohingyas have fled to ghettos and refugee camps in neighboring Bangladesh, and to areas along the Thai-Burmese border.
• More than 100,000 Rohingyas in Burma continue to live in camps for internally displaced persons, not allowed by authorities to leave. Rohingyas have received international attention in the wake of 2012 Rakhine State riots. (from wikipedia)