World #2 – China, Russia again elected to U.N. Human Rights Council
Tuesday's World Events — Posted on October 20, 2020
The UN’s Human Rights Council is responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe and for addressing situations of human rights violations and make recommendations on them. (from the HRC website)
(by Clyde Hughes & Darryl Coote, UPI) — The United Nations General Assembly elected Russia, China and Cuba to the Human Rights Council last week (on Oct. 13), attracting staunch criticism from the United States which accused those nations of being some of the worst violators of human rights.
By secret ballot on Tuesday, the 193-member assembly elected 15 countries to join the 47-nation member Human Rights Council, filling seats in the five regions of Africa, Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe, Latin America-Caribbean and Western Europe for a three-year rotation starting Jan. 1, 2021. [The General Assembly also elected Ivory Coast, Gabon, Malawi, Bolivia, Uzbekistan, France and Britain. Senegal, Nepal, Pakistan, Ukraine and Mexico were re-elected for a second three-year term. Council members cannot serve more than two consecutive terms].
Russia and Cuba ran unopposed [in their regions] while Saudia Arabia lost in a five-nation contest for four spots in the Asia region with Pakistan, Nepal and Uzbekistan.
China, meanwhile re-gained its seat [for another 3 year term] by only 139 votes, the lowest of the 15 victorious countries and a significant drop from the 180 votes it won in 2016.
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo lambasted the council over its selection of China, Russia and Cuba, saying it only further validates the U.S. decision in 2018 to withdraw from the Human Rights Council [due to the human rights abuses of several of the council’s members and also for the council’s anti-Israel bias. The council has continually adopted resolution after resolution condemning Israel for defending itself against Palestinian violence] while largely ignoring attacks/murders perpetrated by groups like Hamas. The UNHRC singled out Israel in its first year, failing to officially criticize any other country for human rights violations].
“Today, the U.N. General Assembly once again elected countries with abhorrent human rights records, including China, Russia and Cuba,” the United States’ top diplomat said in a statement, adding that “the United States’ commitment to human rights consists of far more than just words.”
Russia hadn’t been part of the Eastern European group since 2016, while China and Saudi Arabia were part of the Asia-Pacific group that served from 2017 through 2019.
The United States, which has wavered multiple times in the past about maintaining a seat on the HRC, withdrew in 2018 under President Donald Trump, accusing the council of being “hypocritical and self-serving.”
Many in the human rights community (as well at the Trump administration) have complained about China’s treatment of the Uygur Muslim-minority population in its northwestern Xinjiang region, among other purported abuses [including China’s authoritarian takeover of democratic Hong Kong].
Russia is under scrutiny over the recent poisoning of opposition leader Alexei Navalny, the 2018 poisoning of a former spy and his adult daughter [who were living in England] and its 2014 annexation of Crimea from Ukraine.
Saudi Arabia is under suspicion for the death of dissident writer Jamal Khashoggi, a frequent critic of the Saudi royal family. Khashoggi was killed and dismembered in Turkey in 2018, but his body has not been recovered.
Human Rights Watch Director Louis Charbonneau called on the general assembly prior to the vote to rethink its consideration of the nations.
“Serial rights abusers should not be rewarded with seats on the Human Rights Council,” Charbonneau said.
Hillel Neuer, executive director of the watchdog group UN Watch – the only U.N.-accredited watchdog – bristled at the fact that China, Russia and Saudi Arabia were being considered.
“When these dictatorships win election to the U.N.’s highest human rights body…, which victims of their persecution will you be thinking about? Let’s use this moral outrage to shine a spotlight on their victims,” Neuer tweeted.
Following the election last Tuesday, Neuer tweeted that Tuesday was “a black day for human rights.
“The inmates are running the asylum,” he said.
Published at UPI .com. Reprinted here for educational purposes only. May not be reproduced on other websites without permission from United Press International.
Questions
NOTE: Read the “Background” and watch the videos below before answering the questions.
1. The first paragraph of a news article should answer the questions who, what, where and when. List the who, what, where and when of this news item. (NOTE: The remainder of a news article provides details on the why and/or how.)
2. a) How many member countries are in the UN?
b) How many members are on the UN’s Human Rights Council?
c) How many three-year terms can a member serve on the Human Rights Council?
3. a) What is the purpose of the UN’s Human Rights Council? - What does it do?
b) List the newly elected members to the UN Human Rights Council.
c) In secret-ballot voting in the 193-member U.N. General Assembly:
- Pakistan received 169 votes
- Uzbekistan 169 (or 164)
- Nepal 150
- China 139
- and Saudi Arabia just 90 votes
Why do you think these countries, responsible for egregious human rights violations, received so many votes?
4. a) How many votes did China receive in 2016 as compared to last week’s vote?
b) Why do you think so many countries voted for China but not for Saudi Arabia?
5. Why did the UN General Assembly vote in 2006 to replace the UN Commission on Human Rights with the Human Rights Council?
6. Consider the following:
- U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the election of China, Russia and Cuba and last year’s election of Venezuela -- “countries with abhorrent human rights records” -- further validate the U.S. withdrawal from the Human Rights Council (in 2018). He said the U.S. has taken its own actions to punish “human rights abusers in Xinjiang (China), Myanmar, Iran, and elsewhere.” Secretary Pompeo said, “The U.N. General Assembly once again elected countries with abhorrent human rights records. These elections only further validate the U.S. decision to withdraw and use other venues and opportunities to protect and promote universal human rights” [generally through sanctions].
- Hillel Neuer, executive director of the watchdog group UN Watch said, “Regrettably the European Union (EU) has not said a word about hypocritical candidacies that only undermine the credibility and effectiveness of the UN human rights system. By turning a blind eye as human rights violators easily join and subvert the council, leading democracies will be complicit in the world body’s moral decline.” Neuer also said, “It will be an insult to their political prisoners and many other victims — and a defeat for the global cause of human rights — if the UN helps gross abusers act as champions and global judges of human rights. When the UN’s highest human rights body becomes a case of the foxes guarding the henhouse, the world’s victims suffer.”
- Washington Post columnist Josh Rogin tweeted, “Good that Saudi Arabia was not elected to the UN Human Rights Council, but the fact China was - while committing a genocide - is Orwellian.”
a) How effective do you think the UN’s Human Rights Council is in protecting victims of human rights abuses?
b) What do you think the world’s free countries (the U.S., the 27 member countries in the European Union, Canada and others) should do about the “Human Rights” council? Note: The U.S. is the largest provider of financial contributions to the United Nations, providing 22 percent of the entire UN budget in 2020, per wikipedia.
Background
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is a United Nations body whose mission is:
To promote and protect human rights around the world.
The UNHRC has 47 members elected each year by the 193 member countries of the UN General Assembly for staggered three-year terms on a regional group basis.
No member may occupy a seat for more than two consecutive three-year terms.
The seats are distributed among the UN’s regional groups as follows: 13 for Africa, 13 for Asia, six for Eastern Europe, eight for Latin America and the Caribbean (GRULAC), and seven for the Western European and Others Group (WEOG).
- The UNHRC investigates allegations of breaches of human rights in UN member states, and addresses important thematic human rights issues such as freedom of association and assembly, freedom of expression, freedom of belief and religion, women’s rights, LGBT rights, and the rights of racial and ethnic minorities.
- The UNHRC was established by the UN General Assembly in 2006 to replace the UN Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) that had been strongly criticised for allowing countries with poor human rights records to be members. It was criticized for its ineffectiveness in addressing human rights abuses and for the number of widely perceived human rights abusers that served as its members.
Two UN Secretaries General, the European Union, Canada, and the United States have accused the UNHRC of focusing disproportionately on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and many allege an anti-Israel bias – the Council has resolved more resolutions condemning Israel than the rest of the world combined. The UNHRC works closely with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and engages the UN’s special procedures. (from wikipedia)
NOTE: The two countries that are not members of the UN are Vatican City (Holy See) and Taiwan (because China opposes its membership, claiming it is not a country, but part of China). Vatican City (and the Palestinian Authority) are considered to be non-member states of the United Nations, which allows them to participate as permanent observers of the General Assembly and are provided access to UN documents. Taiwan is not currently permitted observer status at the UN, due to Communist China's opposition.
China's Human Rights abuses:
China is an authoritarian one-party political system led by President Xi Jinping who is also the Secretary General of the Chinese Communist Party. No Chinese national leader is freely elected. In March 2018, President Xi amended the constitution to eliminate presidential term limits, enabling him to rule the country indefinitely.
Under President Xi, China brutally silences criticism and dissent through a variety of tactics, including torture, enforced disappearances and arbitrary detention. The Chinese Human Rights Defenders NGO asserts that under President Xi, China has become “the most draconian and invasive since the 1980s.” According to Human Rights Watch, “human rights activists are now enduring their worst persecution since peaceful protesters took to Tiananmen Square and streets across China in 1989.”
China severely restricts basic civil liberties including freedom of expression and freedom of association. (from a report by UNWatch.org- read details on China, Cuba, etc.)