U.S. data show increase in fatal crashes on April 20, day of pot events

Daily News Article   —   Posted on February 15, 2018

(by Penelope Overton, Portland Press Herald) – A review of 25 years worth of car crash data has found a link between the so-called “high holiday” celebrated by marijuana users on April 20 (4/20) and a rise in fatal car accidents.

The study conducted at the University of British Columbia looked at U.S. government statistics from 1992 – the year after the informal pot-smoking event was popularized – through 2016.

Researchers at the University of British Columbia and University of Toronto used accident data from the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to compare the number of drivers involved in fatal crashes after 4:20 p.m. on April 20 to the number of drivers involved in fatal crashes in each state a week before and one week later. They found there to be a 12 percent increase on average, which represents 142 deaths over 25 years between 1991 and 2016, the most recent data available.

The risk is even higher among young drivers, they found – for drivers 21 or younger, the increased risk grew to 38 percent.

The research published Monday in the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine by Dr. John Staples of University of British Columbia and Dr. Donald Redelmeier of University of Toronto does not consider whether the April 20 risk to a driver changes if they are in a state that has legalized cannabis, Staples said. Each U.S. state varies, making it difficult to categorize and compare state risks by level of legalization, he said.

The research does not consider whether cannabis played a direct role in the April 20 fatal crashes, Staples said, because a police drug report – which combines lab tests and the impression of the officer – was included in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for only about a third of the 1,369 drivers involved in a deadly April 20 accident over that time period. More importantly, because cannabis lingers in the body for so long, a positive lab test does not mean the person was impaired.

Previous studies have shown the active ingredient in cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) decreases reaction times and makes driving speed and lane position more erratic.

“Despite this evidence, driving after cannabis consumption is surprisingly common,” the authors said in a letter in JAMA Internal Medicine.

Staples and Redelmeier said they found no increased risk of crashes before 4:20 p.m. on April 20.

Staples said the study should prompt 4/20 event organizers to consider ways to make sure participants, and those who will share the roads with them, make it home safely. When Canada legalizes recreational marijuana use this summer, almost 100 million people in North America will live in a place where it is legal to consume cannabis, Staples said.

“It’s going to be really important for both the U.S. and Canada to figure out what that means for public safety as well as public health,” Staples said, adding, “It’s a really relevant question to be thinking about now since legalization seems to be progressing across the United States and in Canada.”

The idea for the research came out of Staples’ time spent working at hospitals in Vancouver, British Columbia, where staff there learned to prepare for a wave of patients connected to the large 4/20 cannabis celebration that happens in that city every year. Not all patients had attended the event, nor consumed cannabis, but the staff of both of the city hospitals knew their intake numbers would spike on that day, and some of that surge was linked to the cannibis use. Dr. Staples said, “…It struck me that 4/20 was a really great natural experiment through which we could examine cannabis intoxication and the risk of motor vehicle crashes.”

But it’s difficult to know how closely the two are linked because U.S. federal prohibition on marijuana limits the types of research that can be done on it, Staples said.

Previous studies have shown that many pot-using motorists drive after partaking and think it’s safe to do so.

Colorado legalized recreational marijuana in 2012. Data show that 15 percent of DUI arrests in Colorado last year involved marijuana, and a 2016 survey found about half of users in the state think driving under the influence of pot is safe.

Dr. Andrew Monte, an emergency medicine physician and toxicology expert at the University of Colorado, …said the study offers an important message. “…We need to realize that people should not be using [cannabis] and driving.”

Portland Press Herald. Reprinted here for educational purposes only. May not be reproduced on other websites without permission from pressherald .com. [Also incudes some information from ABC News, Fox News, Newsweek, UPI and UK Independent.]