Supreme Court prods Obama administration in marijuana dispute

Daily News Article   —   Posted on May 5, 2015

(by Warren Richey, Christian Science Monitor) – What happens when your neighbor insists on having round-the-clock marijuana parties? Do you start having your own marijuana parties? Do you ignore your neighbor? Or do you complain to the police?

That’s pretty much the position of two states – Oklahoma and Nebraska – who are fed up with their pot-smoking neighbor Colorado.

The two states are asking the United States Supreme Court to take up their complaint that the legalization of marijuana in neighboring Colorado is causing irreparable harm in their own states, including significant interstate trafficking of marijuana grown, sold, and distributed legally in Colorado.

Oklahoma and Nebraska want the high court to use its special jurisdiction* to referee the dispute between the three states. Ultimately, they want the justices to declare that Colorado’s 2012 ballot initiative decriminalizing marijuana is preempted by federal drug laws and is, thus, unconstitutional. [*The special jurisdiction is called original jurisdiction. In the U.S., courts having original jurisdiction are referred to as trial courts. In certain types of cases, the U.S. Supreme Court has original jurisdiction concurrently with lower courts. The original jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court is governed by Article III, Section 2 of the United States Constitution and Title 28 of the United States Code, section 1251. Most commonly, original jurisdiction cases involve suits between states as parties, usually over territorial or water rights disputes.]

It is unclear whether the justices will agree to wade into the controversy. But there appears to be some interest in the case by the court. On Monday, the justices asked the U.S. solicitor general’s office to file a brief expressing its views on the issue.

The Obama administration’s position will be important because, until now, the Justice Department has looked the other way while states like Colorado, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska…decriminalized the recreational use of marijuana.

…Marijuana continues to be listed as a Schedule 1 narcotic under the federal Controlled Substances Act [CSA], carrying the most severe restrictions. Oklahoma and Nebraska want the federal government to faithfully enforce the law. …

Oklahoma and Nebraska insist they need help.

“In passing and enforcing Amendment 64, the state of Colorado has created a dangerous gap in the federal drug control system enacted by the Unites States Congress,” Nebraska Assistant Attorney General Ryan Post wrote in his motion to the high court on behalf of both states.

“Marijuana flows from this gap into neighboring states, undermining Plaintiff  States’ own marijuana bans, draining their treasuries, and placing stress on their criminal justice systems,” the motion says.

In defending its decriminalization, Colorado says its legal regime is designed to channel demand away from a multibillion dollar black market and into a licensed and closely monitored retail system.

The state also stands to reap substantial tax revenues.

“No one contends that Colorado law trumps the federal marijuana ban or immunizes anyone from federal prosecution,” Colorado Solicitor General Frederick Yarger wrote in his brief.

“Instead, the question here is whether a state that chooses to legalize marijuana is then prohibited from regulating the market for it,” he said.

Colorado says that since the CSA [Controlled Substances Act] was enacted more than 40 years ago, virtually all marijuana enforcement in the U.S. has been at the state level. …

In his brief to the high court, Solicitor General Yarger said that Colorado’s approach to marijuana hinged substantially on signals from the Obama administration that it would not enforce marijuana laws in states seeking to decriminalize the drug.

“The landscape changed radically when the [Obama] administration began implementing an express policy of marijuana non-enforcement,” Yarger said.

In 2009, the Obama administration said in a Justice Department memo that although marijuana remains an illegal drug under the CSA federal law, federal investigative and prosecutorial resources should not be directed toward individuals seeking medical use of marijuana in states that have legalized such use.

The effect in Colorado was significant. Before the Justice Department memo, just over 5,000 medical marijuana patients were listed in the state. A year after the memo, there were 116,000 medical marijuana patients listed.

Under Colorado’s 2012 voter initiative, anyone over 21 is authorized to possess, cultivate, and use specified amounts of marijuana. The measure also authorized the state to license and tax retail marijuana businesses.

In response, Attorney General Holder announced that the federal government would not challenge Colorado’s new law, or a similar measure in Washington State. …

Colorado says it is entitled to pursue its own marijuana regulations. “Plaintiff states’ quarrel is not with Colorado but with the federal government’s relaxed view of federal enforcement obligations under the law [CSA-Controlled Substances Act],” Yarger said. …

“A state does not invade the sovereign rights of another state, by making a policy decision that parts ways with its neighbors,” Yarger wrote. …

Oklahoma and Nebraska aren’t alone in their arguments.  All nine former administrators of the Drug Enforcement Administration [DEA] filed a friend of the court brief supporting Nebraska and Oklahoma. They charge that the executive branch has “willfully ignored Colorado’s violation of federal law.” …

Reprinted here for educational purposes only. May not be reproduced on other websites without permission from Christian Science Monitor. Visit the website at csmonitor .com.

Background

In 2004, estimates were that sales of marijuana topped $10.5 billion. By 2010, the estimate had risen to $41 billion.

Some 23 states, plus the District of Columbia, permit the use of medical marijuana. In recent years, Colorado and a handful of other states have gone even further.

ATTORNEY GENERAL: (from the Department of Justice  and wikipedia)

• The Attorney General is the head of the Department of Justice and chief law enforcement officer of the Federal Government.
• The attorney general serves as a member of the president’s cabinet, and is the only cabinet department head who is not given the title secretary.
• The Attorney General represents the United States in legal matters generally and gives advice and opinions to the President and to the heads of the executive departments of the Government when so requested.
• The Department of Justice is an executive department of the government of the United States.
• The Attorney General guides the world’s largest law office and the central agency for enforcement of federal laws.
• The attorney general is nominated by the President of the United States and takes office after confirmation by the U.S. Senate. He or she serves at the pleasure of the president and can be removed by the president at any time; the attorney general is also subject to impeachment by the House of Representatives and trial in the Senate for “treason, bribery, and other high crimes and misdemeanors.”

THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE’S MISSION: (from the Department of Justice)

• to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law
• to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic
• to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime
• to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior
• and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans