1. The first paragraph of a news article should answer the questions who, what, where and when. List the who, what, where and when of this news item. (NOTE: The remainder of a news article provides details on the why and/or how.

2. a) How long is Colonial’s pipeline? Where does it begin and end?
b) How much of the East Coast’s fuel comes from Colonial Pipeline?

3. a) What are refined products?
b) List the refined products transported through the affected pipeline.

4. a) What is a cyberattack?
b) What is a ransomware attack?
c) Who is behind the ransomware attack on Colonial Pipeline?

5. a) What did Notre Dame IT professor Mike Chapple note about the cyber attack on Colonial Pipeline?
b) What advice did he offer?
c) Taking into account other recent cyberattacks and the potential for attacks on our electric grids and various infrastructures, business and government agencies, how important do you think it is to heed this advice? Explain your answer.