Citing security threat, Obama expands U.S. role fighting Ebola
Daily News Article — Posted on September 18, 2014
(by Jeff Mason in Atlanta and James Harding Giahyue in Monrovia, Reuters) – President Barack Obama on Tuesday called West Africa’s deadly Ebola outbreak a looming threat to global security and announced a major expansion of the U.S. role in trying to halt its spread, including deployment of 3,000 troops to the region.
“The reality is that this epidemic is going to get worse before it gets better,” Obama said at the Atlanta headquarters of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
**Suspected, probable, and confirmed cases and deaths as of August 18, 2014 (Maggie Smith, National Geographic Staff; Joey Fening; Jamie Hawk. Source: World Health Organization)
“But, right now, the world still has an opportunity to save countless lives. Right now, the world has the responsibility to act, to step up and to do more. The United States of America intends to do more,” he added.
The U.S. plan, a dramatic expansion of Washington’s initial response last week, won praise from the U.N. World Health Organization (WHO), aid workers and officials in West Africa. Experts said it was still not enough to contain the epidemic, which is rapidly spreading and has caused already-weak local public health systems to buckle under the strain of fighting it.
U.S. officials said the focus of the military deployment would be Liberia, a nation founded by freed American slaves that is the hardest hit of the countries affected by the crisis.
Obama’s plan calls for sending 3,000 troops, including engineers and medical personnel; establishing a regional command and control center in Liberia’s capital, Monrovia, commanded by Major General Darryl Williams, who arrived there on Tuesday; and forming a staging area in Senegal to help distribute personnel and aid on the ground.
It also calls for building 17 treatment centers with 100 beds each; placing U.S. Public Health Service personnel in new field hospitals in Liberia; training thousands of healthcare workers for six months or longer; and creating an “air bridge” to get health workers and medical supplies into West Africa more quickly.
Late on Tuesday, an Obama administration official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the Defense Department would ask Congress to approve another $500 million in funds to be reallocated from fiscal 2014 to help cover the mission’s costs.
Added to the $500 [million] sought earlier to be moved from the previous fiscal year for Ebola and fighting Islamic State militants in Iraq, up to $1 billion would be available to be spent on the Ebola response.
This was separate from $175 million already dedicated to the effort, and $88 million being sought in Congress this week as a stopgap measure, the official noted.
The worst Ebola outbreak since the disease was identified in 1976 has already killed nearly 2,500 people and is threatening to spread elsewhere in Africa.
Obama said “the world is looking to us” to take the lead against Ebola, but urged other nations also to take action because the epidemic is “spiraling out of control” and “people are literally dying in the streets.”
The White House said the troops will not be responsible for direct patient care. Amid concern about infections, Obama said the “safety of our personnel will remain a top priority.” He also said the “chances of an Ebola outbreak here in the United States are extremely low.”
Obama said that if the outbreak is not stopped now, hundreds of thousands of people may become infected, “with profound political and economic and security implications for all of us.”
“This is an epidemic that is not just a threat to regional security. It’s a potential threat to global security, if these countries break down, if their economies break down, if people panic. That has profound effects on all of us, even if we are not directly contracting the disease,” Obama added.
The WHO praised the U.S. plan for providing support to the United Nations and other international partners to help authorities in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Senegal contain the outbreak.
“This massive ramp-up of support from the United States is precisely the kind of transformational change we need to get a grip on the outbreak and begin to turn it around,” Dr. Margaret Chan, WHO’s director-general, said in a statement.
Earlier, a senior WHO official said the Ebola outbreak requires a much faster response to limit its spread to tens of thousands of cases.
“We don’t know where the numbers are going on this,” WHO Assistant Director-General Bruce Aylward told a news conference in Geneva, calling the crisis “unparalleled in modern times.”
The initial U.S. response last week had focused on providing funding and supplies, drawing criticism from aid workers for not deploying manpower as in other disasters like earthquakes.
Obama’s announcement marks his second within a week of a new mission for the U.S. military, following last week’s speech outlining a broad escalation of the campaign against the Islamic State militant group in Iraq and Syria.
During a congressional hearing in Washington, CDC official Beth Bell said the “window of opportunity” to control Ebola’s spread is closing, while both Democratic and Republican lawmakers voiced support for funding the fight against the virus.
“We need to declare a war on Ebola,” Republican Senator Jerry Moran said. …..
(Additional reporting by Tom Miles and Stephanie Nebehay in Geneva, Umaru Fofana in Freetown, Alphonso Toweh, David Lewis in Dakar, Sharon Begley in New York and Roberta Rampton, Susan Heavey and Eric Walsh in Washington; Writing by Will Dunham; Editing by Daniel Flynn, Peter Graff and Jonathan Oatis)
Reprinted here for educational purposes only. May not be reproduced on other websites without permission from Thomson Reuters. Visit the website at Reuters.com.
Questions
1. The first paragraph of a news article should answer the questions who, what, where and when. List the who, what, where and when of this news item. (NOTE: The remainder of a news article provides details on the why and/or how.)
2. What will be the focus of the 3,000 U.S. troops President Obama is sending to West Africa?
3. Describe the type of assistance we will give the countries experiencing this epidemic.
4. a) How did President Obama explain his decision to take this action? Be specific.
b) In a 2008 presidential debate against Hillary Clinton, then-candidate Obama argued against “the sense that we [the U.S.] stands above the rest of the world” - do you think President Obama would still argue today that “the U.S. does not stand above the rest of the world”? Explain your answer.
5. What is Ebola? When was it identified? How many people have so far died from Ebola? (see “Background” below for further information)
6. Wikipedia describes The World Health Organization (WHO) as “a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is concerned with international public health. Its current priorities include communicable diseases, in particular, HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis; the mitigation of the effects of non-communicable diseases; sexual and reproductive health, development, and aging; nutrition, food security and healthy eating; occupational health; substance abuse; and drive the development of reporting, publications, and networking. (from wikipedia)
a) Describe the WHO’s reaction to the President’s announcement.
b) The WHO’s annual budget is around $5 billion. Most of this money comes from the UN member states (and some from private donors). The U.S. is the largest contributor to the WHO (the U.S. gives the WHO around $120 million per year. In addition, the U.S. gives the UN $7 billion per year).
Why do you think the WHO could not do with WHO employees what the U.S. is doing to help West Africa combat ebola?
(Consider the idea of “American exceptionalism” that some like to argue is not real. Consider the fact that no other country in the world is doing what we are doing to help West Africa.)
7. The U.S. has always provided humanitarian aid around the world. President Bush dedicated $5 billion to Africa to combat AIDS. We have sent/offered troops to help rescue and recovery efforts in the aftermath of natural disasters, etc. Do you think this is a good use of our tax dollars? Explain your answer.
Background
More from reuters:
- In Liberia, a shortage of space in clinics for isolating victims means patients are being turned away, then infecting others.
- Ebola spreads rapidly, causes fever and uncontrolled bleeding.
- The virus has so far killed 2,461 people, half of the 4,985 people infected, and the death toll has doubled in the past month, WHO's Aylward said.
- The outbreak was first confirmed in the remote forests of southeastern Guinea in March, then spread across Sierra Leone and Liberia. A handful of Ebola deaths have been recorded in Nigeria, Africa's most populous country.
- The disease has crippled weak health systems, infecting hundreds of local staff in a region chronically short of doctors. The WHO has said that 500 to 600 more foreign experts and at least 10,000 more local health workers are needed.
- "It is not enough to provide protective clothing when you don't have the people who will wear them," Ghana's President John Dramani Mahama said during a visit to Sierra Leone.
- The U.S. intervention comes as the pace of cash and emergency supplies dispatched to the region accelerates.
- Before Tuesday, Washington had sent about 100 health officials and committed some $175 million in aid. Other nations, including Cuba, China, France and Britain; have pledged medical workers, health centers and other forms of support.
- Critics, including regional leaders, former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Peter Piot, one of the scientists who discovered Ebola in 1976; have said international efforts so far have fallen woefully short.
- "It is now up to other governments to equally scale up their support in Sierra Leone and Guinea," Piot, now director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told Reuters.
- Many neighboring African countries have closed their borders and canceled flights to affected countries, making the humanitarian response more difficult.
- A draft U.N. Security Council resolution on Ebola, obtained by Reuters, calls on U.N. member states, particularly in the region, to lift general travel and border restrictions. The resolution could win approval later this week. (from the Reuters article above)
EBOLA:
- The tropical virus leads to haemorrhagic fever, causing muscle pain, weakness, vomiting, diarrhoea and, in severe cases, organ failure and unstoppable bleeding.
- No treatment or vaccine is available, and the Zaire strain detected in Guinea – first observed 38 years ago in what is today called the Democratic Republic of Congo – has a 90 percent death rate.
- Sakoba Keita, who heads the Guinean health ministry’s prevention division, said it remains unclear how Ebola had arrived in Guinea.
- Guinea is one of the world’s poorest nations despite vast untapped mineral wealth, with a stagnating economy, youth unemployment at 60 percent and a rank of 178th out of 187 countries on the UN’s Human Development Index.
- Ebola can be transmitted to humans from wild animals, and between humans through direct contact with another’s blood, faeces or sweat, as well as sexual contact or the unprotected handling of contaminated corpses.
- Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) said the spread of the disease was being exacerbated by people travelling to funerals in which mourners touch the bodies of the dead.
- Guinea has banned the consumption of bat soup, a popular delicacy in the country, as the fruit bat is believed to be the host species. (from AFP-Agence France-Presse)
For photos, videos and more info, visit the Doctors Without Borders [Medecins Sans Frontieres] website at: msf.org