Archaeologists dig up fabrics dating back to Kings David and Solomon
Daily News Article — Posted on February 26, 2016
(Ido Efrati and Ruth Schuster, Haaretz) ISRAEL — Over 100 pieces of cloths dating to the 10th century BC in Israel have been discovered at the Timna copper mines, deep in the desert. The textile pieces, most made of wool but some of linen, shed the first light on fashion in the days of King David’s kingdom. They were of an unexpectedly high quality, equivalent in their weaving to fabrics made a thousand years later by the Romans, said the surprised archaeologists.
“Most of the fragments were tiny, some only 5 by 5 centimeters, but some were big,” Erez Ben Yosef, head of the Tel Aviv University archeological team that made the discovery, told Haaretz.
An excavation team has uncovered 3000-year-old textiles in Israel’s Arava Valley, dating back to the era of Kings David and Solomon. The researchers from Tel Aviv University found the ancient organic materials preserved within the Timna copper mines.
“Timna [believed by many to be the site of King Solomon’s mines] is a unique site, practically unmatched in Israel or anywhere else in the Levant,” Ben Yosef says. “The extreme aridity at Timna preserves organic remains that couldn’t have been preserved anywhere else, not at Megiddo or Lachish or Hatzor, and not even anywhere else in the Arava Valley.”
According to the bible, the copper mines at Timna were operated by Edomites, who had become subjected to Jerusalem after King David’s conquests. The archaeologists surmise that soldiers were sent by Jerusalem to supervise the mining operations, protect the site and collect tax from the Edomites.
Therefore, the textiles found at Timna are believed to have belonged to the Edomite workers, not to Israelites per se, but they’re the closest example we have for fashion in the days of David and Solomon.
“We do not claim these are clothing of the Kingdom of Israel, but do assume the society in the 10th century BC Arava wove cloth and dressed similarly to the manner in Jerusalem,” says Ben-Yosef. “If the biblical description is right and the area had been subject to Jerusalem, the textiles themselves could have come from there. They are the only textiles discovered from that era in the whole of the southern Levant. We have never found textile samples in Jerusalem, nor are we likely to.”
The Timna textiles found were of three types: most was made of sheep’s wool, and some was made of goat hair, and fine linen. The goat hair textile was left undyed, while the sheep’s wool textiles were characterized by delicate striping. This is the earliest-known example of vegetable-based dye usage in Israel, adds the Israel Antiquities Authority. …
The pieces are tiny, some just 5 x 5 centimetres, but show differences in colour, weaving, and ornamentation techniques. Elaborate fabrics may have been worn by copper craftsmen, who held a highly respected position in society.
Aside from the textiles, the Tel Aviv researchers also found fabrics they believe served as saddles (used to ride donkeys) as well as cloth sacks, tents and ropes. “We also found the donkeys’ stable,” Ben Yosef adds.
The archaeologists assume the textiles are remains of clothing…used by the copper-workers themselves. The latest thinking about the Timna’s Edomite metal-workers is that they were not lowly slaves…. They were a highly respected elite doing skilled work. …..
[“Luxury-grade fabric adorned the highly skilled, highly respected craftsmen managing the copper furnaces,” said Ben-Yosef. “They were responsible for smelting the copper, which was a very complicated process.”]
The archaeologists also recently discovered thousands of seeds of the Biblical “Seven Species” at the site — the two grains and five fruits considered unique products of the Land of Israel. Some of the seeds were subjected to radiocarbon dating, providing robust confirmation for the age of the site: some 3,000 years old.
[Vanessa Workman, a member of the excavating and analysis team, said the Hebrew Bible is chock-full of references to fabrics and dyes. “Blue colors and green colors and red colors and what the high priest wore, the tabernacles. Linens, woolen fabrics.”
Workman said the discovery at Timna “is an affirmation” of biblical texts. “It brings the desert culture of that period alive.”]
Reprinted here for educational purposes only from Israel’s Haaretz news. May not be reproduced on other websites without permission from Haaretz.
Background
For an explanation of the "Seven Species" mentioned in the article, visit the Israel Antiquities Authority website
Visit the Central Timna Valley facebook page.