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(by Andrew Salmon, WashingtonTimes.com) SEOUL – In a short stroll heavy with symbolism, South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun walked into North Korea this morning at the heavily armed border village of Panmunjom, later being greeted personally by North Korean leader Kim Jong-il at the start of a historic summit in Pyongyang.
“I am now crossing this forbidden line as a president,” a solemn Mr. Roh said in a nationally televised message just before stepping across the yellow line demarcating the border.
“After I return home, many more people will do likewise. Then this line of division will finally be erased, and the barrier will break down,” he added.
Hours later in Pyongyang, the two leaders walked down a red carpet where Mr. Kim, wearing his usual khaki military jumpsuit, introduced Mr. Roh to North Korean leaders, according to wire service reports. North Koreans dressed in their finest clothes waved pink and red [paper] flowers.
Mr. Kim appeared reserved, walking slowly and occasionally clapping lightly to encourage the crowd. Mr. Roh appeared to revel in the moment, smiling broadly.
But the substance of the talks at only the second North-South summit – seven years after then-South Korean President Kim Dae-jung and Mr. Kim met – remains uncertain. Unification Minister Lee Jae-joung refused to answer questions on agenda items yesterday, saying only that “everything is open” in talks between two countries still technically at war.
Despite recent progress at the China-sponsored regional “six-party talks” to end the North’s nuclear-weapons programs, the public euphoria in the South that surrounded the first summit is absent this time around.
Mr. Roh has declared he will not raise the nuclear issue with Mr. Kim, saying that should be left to the negotiators in Beijing.
Instead, the three-day summit will focus on the broad issues of a “peace regime on the Korean Peninsula,” an “economic community” between the Koreas and moves toward eventual reunification, the South Korean leader said.
“It will not be an uneventful course, but once discussions on a peace regime get under way in earnest, we can take up building military confidence and a peace treaty, and [also] the issue of arms reduction,” Mr. Roh said in a televised speech before leaving.
Although Mr. Roh has hinted this may mean tension-reducing steps along the border, it remains unclear what a “peace regime” means. Seoul was not a party to the 1953 armistice that ended the Korean War, and President Bush has said that any final peace accord on the peninsula is conditional upon Pyongyang’s denuclearization.
The Bush administration has taken a noncommittal stand on the summit, saying it supported North-South contacts in general but was more focused on the six-party talks.
“I don’t think that there’s anything particular about [the summit] that will change substantively the discussions that just occurred in Beijing,” State Department spokesman Tom Casey said.
Mr. Roh, who leaves office in February, has a tight schedule. His 300-member delegation, which includes top political, religious and business figures, arrived by motorcade in the north’s capital at midday today, where it was greeted by Mr. Kim and Kim Yong-nam, chairman of the North Korean assembly and the regime’s titular head of state.
Mr. Roh will have meetings with Kim Jong-il in the afternoon and attend a state dinner in the evening.
He is expected to hold substantive talks tomorrow with Kim Jong-il and watch a mass gymnastics performance at Pyongyang’s colossal May Day stadium. He will visit the Kaesong Inter-Korean industrial complex on his way home.
Kim Jong-il’s decision to greet his South Korean counterpart in person was not unprecedented: In 2000, he made a surprise showing at Pyongyang’s Sunan Airport to welcome Kim Dae-jung.
South Korean conservatives accuse Mr. Roh of attempting to sway December’s presidential election and have demanded he raise such sensitive issues as human rights and the fate of South Korean abductees in his meetings in the North.
They are infuriated that Mr. Roh’s entourage includes Defense Minister Kim Jang-soo, who they fear may offer Pyongyang concessions on a disputed maritime border between the two Koreas in the Yellow Sea, the site of deadly naval clashes in 1999 and 2002.
Copyright 2007 News World Communications, Inc. Reprinted with permission of the Washington Times. This reprint does not constitute or imply any endorsement or sponsorship of any product, service, company or organization. Visit the website at www.washingtontimes.com.
Questions
1. Name the leaders and capitals of North and South Korea.
2. a) Define summit.
b) Why is the summit between the North and South Korean leaders historic?
3. What issue will President Roh not bring up when meeting with Kim Jong-il? Why?
4. What issues will be discussed during the summit?
5. What has President Bush said needs to happen before any final peace accord takes place?
6. What do South Korean conservatives believe is President Roh’s motive for participating in the summit?
b) What issues did these opponents demand President Roh raise with Kim Jong-il?
c) Why are they angry that President Roh’s group includes South Korean Defense Minister Kim Jang-soo?
7. Read the Introduction on South Korea at the CIA World FactBook here and North Korea here.
What did you learn about these two countries that you did not already know?
Background
NORTH KOREA’S NUCLEAR WEAPONS PROGRAM and THE SIX-PARTY TALKS:
- The six-party talks are a series of meetings with six participating states – the U.S., Japan, China, South Korea, North Korea and Russia.
- These talks were a result of North Korea withdrawing from the U.N.’s Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 2003. North Korea is led by dictator Kim Jong-Il, who has starved and imprisoned millions of his own people.
- The aim of the talks is to find a peaceful resolution to the security concerns raised by the North Korean nuclear weapons program.
- After five rounds of talks, little net progress had been made.
- September 2005, as a result of illegal acts committed by the North Korean government, including the counterfeiting of U.S. money, the U.S. froze North Korea’s overseas bank accounts. The North Korean government then refused to participate in further six-party talks.
- April 2006, North Korea said they would resume talks only with the U.S. (not six-party), if the U.S. released recently frozen North Korean financial assets held in a bank in Macau. The U.S. did not comply with the request.
- October 2006 North Korea conducted a test of a nuclear weapon.
- December 2006 six-party talks resumed.
- During the third phase of the fifth round of talks in February 2007, North Korea agreed to shut down its nuclear facilities in exchange for fuel aid and steps towards the normalization of relations with the United States and Japan. It then stalled through July. Negotiations currently continue.
- For further information the six-party talks, go to wikipedia.org.
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